Ground personnel include ticket agents who place luggage on conveyors and those persons who move that luggage from the terminal to the airplane. Injuries to a ticket reservationist are rare but do result in lower back injuries (herniated discs, compression fractures) and shoulder injuries (rotator cuff tear, bicep tear) from the lifting of luggage. Ground personnel who move luggage are susceptible to lower back injury (anything from mild lumbar sprain to multiple disc herniations) from the lifting of luggage, shoulder strain, sprain or tear or hand injuries resulting from loading luggage onto various carts. Knee and foot injuries also occur as a result of slips and falls on wet or slippery pavement.
The most obvious threat of injury to flight crews, both pilots and flight attendants, is death. However, flight attendants are susceptible to almost any injury imaginable. Falls occur during turbulence causing lower back injury (herniated disc), upper back injury, and knee strain (sprains, torn meniscus). Opening and closing overhead bins requiring the use of arms above the head can strain a shoulder (rotator cuff tear). Luggage falling from overhead bins, also cause injury to a shoulder, the upper back, the lower back, and the head. In certain types of aircraft where there are two decks, there is always the danger of a fall down the stairs, between the two decks. Falls on stairs are also a danger for both passengers and flight crew when ascending and descending the stairs to the plane in those airports that still use stairs, especially in inclement weather. Even working in a galley which has limited space can cause hand, arm, knee or hip injuries from over exertion in an effort to secure garbage cans, serving carts, and other storage containers.